Writing Individual ㅡ Citation And Direct Quotation.

1.      One Work by One Author

•           Direct Quotation

“Articulating teaching philosophy in this way can help clarify decissions relating to choice of classroom activities, materials, and teacher evaluation” (Richard, 2001, p.216).

•           Paraphrasing

According to Richard 2001, choice of classroom activities, materials and teacher evaluation can be helped to decisions with articulating a teaching philosophy.

2.      One Work by Two Authors

•           Direct Quotation

“Before looking at the language of eating and drinking, consider for a momment the nature of these activities and what they mean to us” (Allan & Burridge, 2006, p.175).

•           Paraphrasing

According to Alan & Burridge 2006, consider for a momment the nature of eating and drinking and what they mean to us before looking at the language of eating and drinking.

3.      One Work by Three Authors

•           Direct Quotation

“Coorperative learning procedure facilitate learning a cross all curriculum areas and ages, improving self-esteem, social skills, and solidarity, academic learning goals ranging from the acquisition of information and skill through the modes of ingking of the academic disciplines” (Joyce et al, 2000, p.13)

•          Paraphrasing

According to Joyce et al 2000, academic learning goals ranging from the acquisition of information and skill through the modes od ingking of the academic disciplines coorperative learning procedure facilitate learning improving self-esteem, social skills and solidarity.

4.      Author with the same surname

•           Direct Quotation

“Pragmatics is the study of how language is interpreted by its users in its linguistic and non linguistic context” (Keith & Hellen Johnson, 1998, p.249)

•           Paraphrasing

According to Keith & Hellen Johnson 1998, the study of how language is interpreted by its users in its linguistic and non linguistic context can called by pragmatics.

5.      Group As Author

•           Direct Quotation

“Information about the relationship between the different measurement matrics can be used for appraximating particle suface area” (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH], 2009, p.30)

•           Paraphrasing

According to NIOSH 2009, use the information about the relationship between the different measurement matrics for appraximating particle suface area.

6.      Secondary Sources

•           Direct Quotation

“Non-linear, explotatory, and generative process whereby writers discover and reformulate their ideas as they attempt to approximate meaning” (Zamel, 1983 as cited in Hyland, 2003 p.165).

•           Paraphrasing

According to Zamel 1983, writers discover and reformulate their ideas as they attempt to approximate meaning about non-linear, explotatory and generative process.

7.      Classical Work

•           Direct Quotation

“So glorify the Praises of your Lord, and ask for His Forgiveness. Verily, He is the One Who accepts the repentance and forgives” (Quran 110 : 3)